How were Warrant Officers appointed to Royal Navy ships during the Age of Sail?

What were the ship ranks in the Age of Sail? Typical jobs on board included cook, parson, surgeon, master gunner, boatswain (in charge of the sails), carpenter and quartermaster. Other members of the crew would, of course, carry out all the duties, including keeping watch, handling sails, and cleaning decks. What were the ranks of …

Why was John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry treason?

Severely wounded and taken to the jail in Charles Town, Virginia, John Brown stood trial for treason against the commonwealth of Virginia, for murder, and for conspiring with slaves to rebel. Why was John Brown’s raid controversial? John Brown remains one of the most controversial figures in our history. To destroy the institution of slavery, …

Why did the East India Company accept the Government of India Act 1858?

The Government of India Act 1858 was enacted by whom? Answer: Government of India Act 1858 was enacted by the British parliament to regulate the power of the Government of India. What were the reasons for passing Government of India Act 1858? The East India Company’s ineptitude in properly managing the political and administrative affairs …

Scholar-farmer-artisan-merchant social ordering in ancient/medieval China

What was the role of artisans in ancient China? The Gong (Artisans and craftspeople) The third social class in ancient Chinese society was made up of artisans and craftspeople. Those people in this group had particular skills required to make highly specialised items. Included in this group were armourers, metalworkers, and carpenters. What were the …

Can anyone point me to an online version of the 1900 amendment to the Franco-Russian Military Convention 1892?

What was the Franco-Russian military convention? Dual Alliance, also called Franco-Russian Alliance, a political and military pact that developed between France and Russia from friendly contacts in 1891 to a secret treaty in 1894; it became one of the basic European alignments of the pre-World War I era.  What was agreed in the Franco-Russian Alliance? …