How did scholarly education work in Song dynasty China?

History

What did scholars do in the Song dynasty?

In a society in which most people were illiterate, scholar-officials stood out by virtue of their reading and writing skills. Their Confucian education encouraged them to aspire for government service, but also to speak up when they thought others were pursuing the wrong course, making them courageous critics of power.

How did a person become a scholar official in the Song dynasty?

A candidate who passed the exams received an advanced degree, which qualified them for certain government positions. The highest degree gave candidates the title Jinshi. The policy that people had to earn government jobs is called the merit system. The people, who finally made it, were called the Scholar-Officials.

Did the Song dynasty value education?

The ancient academies emerged during the Song dynasty (960-1279) and waned during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911). They were an important educational institution in ancient China.

What did scholars in ancient China do?

Shiren (scholars or scholar officials) is the collective term of the ancient Chinese intellectuals, and is also an elite social group unique to ancient China. They learned and spread knowledge; they participated in politics; they carried on and carried forward Chinese traditional culture.

How was education in ancient China?

Schools throughout China were organized into three major stages and seven levels. Elementary education was composed of kindergarten, lower elementary, and higher elementary; secondary education consisted of middle school; and higher education was divided into preparatory school, specialized college, and university.

How is the education system in China?

The Chinese educational structure provides for six years of primary school, three years each of lower secondary school and upper secondary school, and four years in the standard university curriculum. All urban schools are financed by the state, while rural schools depend more heavily on their own financial resources.

How did scholar-officials help China?

The scholar-gentry carried out social welfare measures, taught in private schools, helped negotiate minor legal disputes, supervised community projects, maintained local law and order, conducted Confucian ceremonies, assisted in the governments collection of taxes, and preached Confucian moral teachings.

How did the scholar bureaucracy work?

Beginning in the late tenth century, in the early Northern Song, the government bureaucracy was staffed entirely by scholar-officials chosen through a civil examination system. The highest degree, the jinshi (“presented scholar”), was awarded as the culmination of a three-stage process.

What was the scholar official class?

Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century.



Why did people become scholar-officials?

— People would want to become scholar officials because if they did, they would get respected and reduced penalties for breaking the law.

What did Chinese students have to study to become scholar-officials under the Tang?

An ambitious young man would pursue an arduous course of study in the Chinese classics in preparation for the civil service examination. These exams required thorough knowledge of the Confucian canon, plus the ability to write essays on moral issues and current affairs and poems in a variety of formal styles.

Who was China’s most famous scholar and what did he teach?

Confucius is known as the first teacher in China who wanted to make education broadly available and who was instrumental in establishing the art of teaching as a vocation. He also established ethical, moral, and social standards that formed the basis of a way of life known as Confucianism.

How did Confucius become a teacher?

Why did Confucius become a teacher? He had hoped to advance as a high government official but he never succeeded that way, so he became a teacher. Was Confucius China’s first professional teacher. What did Confucius teach his students?



Is Confucius a real person?

Confucius (/kənˈfjuːʃəs/ kən-FEW-shəs; Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ, “Master Kǒng”; or commonly 孔子; Kǒngzǐ; c. 551 – c. 479 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher and politician of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages.

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