Taungoo or Toungoo (Burmese: တောင်ငူမြို့ ) is a town in Burma, capital of the homonymous district in Bago Region. Within the district, it is the capital of the homonymous township.

In 2014 it had a population of 108 589 inhabitants, about two-fifths of the municipal population.

The locality was founded in 1279 by the kingdom of Pagan. After the fall of Pagan in 1279, it became part of the kingdoms of Myinsaing and later Pinya. In a revolt in 1358, Taungoo became an independent town until 1367 when it became an autonomous region of the kingdom of Ava. Eventually, the importance of the town reached such a point that from the 16th century onwards, the Toungoo Dynasty became the reigning dynasty of the country. Taungoo was the capital from 1510 to 1539, when it was moved to Pegu. Between 1599 and 1609 it became an independent city again, after a local rebellion supported by Portuguese mercenaries. In the 19th century, before the British invasion, the city was a regional capital of the Konbaung dynasty, including its region to the current national capital Naipyidó. In the war of 1852-1853 it was annexed to the British colonial territory. In 1940 an important RAF airfield was built here and in independent Burma it remained an important military post. In 2010, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the national capital, many local monuments were renovated.

It is located on the banks of the Sittang River, about 60 km south of the national capital Naipyidó on Highway 1 leading to Pegu and Rangoon.

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