How were Roman Legions disarmed/disbanded before entering Italia?

At what point are Roman legions supposed to disband before entering Rome? When Caesar crossed the Rubicon, it was illegal. Legions were supposed to disarm (edit: disband) themselves before coming back to Rome, in order to discourage any coups.  How was the Roman legion different from armies that came before it? For most of the …

What is the earliest known reference to the phrase ‘water of life’?

What does the water of life refer to? In Christianity the term “water of Life” (Greek: ὕδωρ ζωῆς hydōr zōēs) is used in the context of living water, specific references appearing in the Book of Revelation (21:6 and 22:1), as well as the Gospel of John. In these references, the term Water of Life refers …

Why do revolutions “eat their own?” What is the sociological dynamic here?

What is the sociology of revolution? Sociology of Revolution is a 1925 book by Russian American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin. Sociology of revolution as branch of sociology was developed by Thomas Hobbes in Leviathan. to a certain extent earlier than Sorokin. Hobbes lived and created in the period of English Revolution. What are the causes of …

What did the Catholic Church do to promote human rights of non-christians from 1500s to mid 1900s?

What was the problem with the Catholic Church in 1500? The Roman Catholic Church in 1500 had lost much of its integrity. The involvement with the Italian War had dragged the papacy into disrepute; popes were more interested in politics than piety; and the sale of Indulgences was clearly only for the Church’s financial gain. …

Which European countries did not have a revolution in the aftermath of the French Revolution and why?

What country did not have a revolution? Countries like Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland have never had a civil war like the american or spanish(Finland have though), and the same can be claimed of the Netherlands and Belgium. Why did the other European nations not support the French Revolution? Other European rulers were upset and …

Were the animals used for gladiatorial combat in Rome trained?

For the main question, “Were the animals used for gladiatorial combat in Rome trained?”, the answer is a qualified yes.  Were animals used in gladiator fights? Some gladiatorial contests included animals such as bears, rhinos, tigers, elephants, and giraffes. Most often, hungry animals fought other hungry animals. But sometimes hungry animals fought against gladiators in …